Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Reverse Engineering (RE) in Orthopedic Applications: A Case Study in Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA)
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Ημερομηνία
2022-10-19
Συγγραφείς
Baglanis, Andreas
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Παραπομπή
Baglanis, Andreas, "Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Reverse Engineering (RE) in Orthopedic Applications: A Case Study in Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA)", School of Science and Technology, Master of Science in Strategic Product Design, International Hellenic University, 2022.
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This dissertation was written as part of the MSc in Strategic Product Design at the International Hellenic University.
Orthopedics has been the biggest adopter of the development of medical imaging, enabling researchers, engineers and clinicians to revolutionize innovative personalized treatment that helps improve patients' lives. For example, geometrically accurate and anatomically correct 3D geometric models of human bones or bone fragments are successfully used in preoperative planning or creating surgical guides in orthopedic surgery. Driven by technological advancements such as Rapid Prototyping (RP), Reverse Engineering (RE), and other advanced Medical Imaging techniques, this is proven to help clinicians develop customized surgical approaches for patients.
The development of medical applications requires high accuracy in manipulating patient data and human geometry and structure, making the development of accurate 3D CAD models a challenging task. The primary source of difficulty, in this case, is the structure of the human anatomy, and in particular in orthopedics, the complexity of the bones, which consist of free-form shapes, large curvatures, variable thickness and many different parts and internal layers with different mechanical properties.
In this research work, using Medical Imaging, Rapid Prototyping and Reverse Engineering techniques, the workflow for obtaining the geometric characteristics of a patient suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis and needing total elbow arthroplasty is presented in the form of a case study. First, the data obtained from a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner are processed, and the point of interest is identified. The segmented area is then extracted as a digital triangular model with the patient's geometric characteristics.
As a final step, the triangular model, using Reverse Engineering tools in CAD systems, is converted into a Solid Model. It is then used as an assembly, with a medical implant designed and fitted for the Case Study. The assembly of the CAD models of the bones and the prosthesis has been made following, step-by-step, the surgical guidelines of total elbow arthroplasty.
In addition, as part of this paper, extensive reference is made to the literature of Additive Manufacturing and Reverse Engineering presenting the fundamental processes used, emphasizing medical applications. Finally, at the end of the paper, there is a short preface on the later steps required in similar case studies that are not explored in this paper.
Περιγραφή
Λέξεις-κλειδιά
Additive Manufacturing (AM), Reverse Engineering (RE), Medical Implants, DICOM to STL, 3D-Printing, 3D-Scanning, Medical Imaging, Solidworks, Geomagic for SOLIDWORKS, Rapid Prototyping (RP), Computed Tomography (CT), Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA), Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS)